• A liberal actor in a realist world? The commission and the external dimension of the single market for energy 

      Goldthau, Andreas; Sitter, Nick (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      This article investigates the Commission’s external energy policy through the lens of the regulatory state. It argues that because of the nature of its institutions, policy tools and resources, the Commission remains a ...
    • Horses for courses. The roles of IPE and Global Public Policy in global energy research 

      Sitter, Nick; Goldthau, Andreas (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Although IPE and GPP overlap conceptionally and empirically, there is a case for keeping GPP and IPE analytically distinct. To simplify: GPP tells us why we need international regimes for energy, while IPE tells us why we ...
    • The International Political Economy of oil and gas 

      Sitter, Nick; Goldthau, Andreas (Chapter, 2021)
      This chapter reviews the International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship in energy over the last few decades. It shows that there is a deep divide between two dominant schools of thought in IPE energy research: the liberal ...
    • Power, authority and security: the EU’s Russian gas dilemma 

      Goldthau, Andreas; Sitter, Nick (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      This paper investigates contestation of authority in EU energy policy, with a focus on natural gas. It argues that the main challenge centers on the EU’s goals and means of energy security policy, not the location and scope ...
    • Soft power with a hard edge: EU policy tools and energy security 

      Goldthau, Andreas; Sitter, Nick (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)
      International security debates surrounding the European Union energy supply challenge commonly invoke the need for more EU hard power – e.g. getting tough on Russia or engaging directly with other exporters. This article ...